make up — constitute identity
phrasal verbC1IELTS 7+neutralcommon
To form the essential qualities or characteristics that define something's identity, especially in an abstract or conceptual sense.
Say it like a native
Textbook Volunteers constitute the majority of our workforce.
Native Volunteers make up most of our team.
'Make up' is the everyday verb for forming a whole; 'constitute' is formal / legal.
Pattern: make up + the core/essence/identity of + noun
In use
- Shared values and traditions make up the core of the community's identity.identity
- When discussing what makes up a national identity, it is important to consider language, history, and shared beliefs.IELTS speaking
Common mistake
✗ Women make up of 40% of staff.
✓ Women make up 40% of staff.
'Make up' takes the proportion directly — no 'of'.
Common collocations
make up + proportion— most of, 40%, the bulk of, the majority
Don't confuse it
Unlike the B2 sense 'form or be part of a whole', which refers to physical or concrete components, this sense is used for abstract qualities or features that define the identity or essence of something.
Related
- make up (invent (a story, excuse, etc.)) — 'make up' also has the more basic meaning 'invent (a story, excuse, etc.)'; this is the advanced sense.