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Meaning trap

break down

lose emotional control

If someone breaks down, they suddenly become very upset and cannot control their feelings, often crying.

phrasal verbB2common

Don't mix these meanings

Same phrase, different job.

lose emotional control

If someone breaks down, they suddenly become very upset and cannot control their feelings, often crying.

break down (stop working)

Another meaning of 'break down' is 'stop working'; compare the examples to keep the meanings separate.

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Hear it in context

Notice where the phrase sounds natural.

  • She broke down in tears when she heard the news.family
  • When I failed the exam, I broke down because I had worked so hard for it.IELTS speaking

Fix the pattern

Pattern: Subject + break down

WrongHe broke down to cry.

RightHe broke down crying. / He broke down in tears.

Use 'break down crying / in tears', not 'break down to cry'.

PatternSubject + break down

Use it right

Choose the version that sounds natural in speech.

Stiff She became emotionally overwhelmed and wept.

Natural She broke down in tears.

'Break down' is the natural verb for losing emotional control; the formal paraphrase is clinical and distant.

Build natural chunks

Words that usually travel with it.

  • break down + emotion
    in tearscryingcompletelyemotionally

Don't confuse it

Not the same as 'break up' (to end a relationship).

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